#230 include

How to include or require other files in a PHP script

Notes

The include and require functions are used to include other source files in the current script. These functions are identical except on failure:

• require will throw a fatal E_COMPILE_ERROR
• include will emit a warning E_WARNING

Cascading Includes

Inclusions can be cascaded. In this example, a variable and constant is dinfed in a file indirectly included in the example: See example1

$ php example1/example.php
Running: example.php
CALLED: A $adjective $color $fruit
RESULT: A
DEFAULT_FRUIT: DEFAULT_FRUIT
Now including f_inner.php
Included: f_inner.php
f_inner defining : $color and $fruit
Included: f_inner_inner.php
f_inner_inner.php defining $adjective and DEFAULT_FRUIT
CALLED: A $adjective $color $fruit
RESULT: A juicy green pear
DEFAULT_FRUIT: apple

Include Paths

Unless absolute paths are specified for the

When evaluating a include/require function call, PHP will look in these locations:

• the absolute file path given
• under theinclude path
• calling script’s own directory
• current working directory
• else fail

Credits and References

• include - PHP function reference
• get_include_path - PHP function reference
• require - PHP function reference
• include path